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In theoretical linguistics, a distinction is made between endocentric and exocentric constructions. A grammatical construction (e.g. a phrase or compound word) is said to be ''endocentric'' if it fulfills the same linguistic function as one of its parts, and ''exocentric'' if it does not.〔Matthews (1981:147) provides an insightful discussion of the endo- vs. exocentric distinction. See Falk (2001:43ff., 49ff.) as well.〕 The distinction reaches back at least to Bloomfield's work of the 1930s.〔See Bloomfield (1933).〕 Such a distinction is possible only in phrase structure grammars (constituency grammars), since in dependency grammars all constructions are necessarily endocentric.〔Concerning the lack of exocentric structures in dependency grammar, see Osborne et al. (2011:325).〕 ==Endocentric construction== An endocentric construction consists of an obligatory head and one or more dependents, whose presence serves to narrow the meaning of the head. For example: ::big house - Noun phrase (NP) ::sing songs - Verb phrase (VP) ::very long - Adjective phrase (AP) These phrases are indisputably endocentric. They are endocentric because the one word in each case carries the bulk of the semantic content and determines the grammatical category to which the whole constituent will be assigned. The phrase ''big house'' is a noun phrase in line with its part ''house'', which is a noun. Similarly, ''sing songs'' is a verb phrase in line with its part ''sing'', which is a verb. The same is true of ''very long''; it is an adjective phrase in line with its part ''long'', which is an adjective. In more formal terms, the distribution of an endocentric construction is functionally equivalent, or approaching equivalence, to one of its parts, which serves as the center, or head, of the whole. An endocentric construction is also known as a ''headed'' construction, where the head is contained "inside" the construction. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Endocentric and exocentric」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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